Sunday, December 06, 2009

Misi Jawa Dalam Bingkai Keistimewaan Yogyakarta

Pada hari Jumat tanggal 4 Desember 2009 pukul 15.00-19.00 di Aula Gereja Kidulloji diselenggarakan sarasehan dengan tema “Misi Jawa Dalam Bingkai Keistimewaan Yogyakarta”. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan oleh PASPAL “Senapati” Bekerjasama dengan YPSM Yogyakarta. Para pembicara dalam sarasehan ini ada tiga orang yaitu: Romo Bambang (Direktur Museum Misi Muntilan), Bapak Anton Haryono (Staf Pengajar di Jurusan Sejarah Fakultas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta), Bapak Sarworo Soeprapto (Pengamat Kebudayaan ) dan acara tersebut dimoderatori oleh Mas Hasto.
Pada sarasehan ini Bapak Sarworo Soeprapto menjadi pembicara pertama yang menyampaikan makalahnya poin-poin isinya sebagai berikut: Fakta sejarah yang ada telah memperlihatkan bahwa perkembangan gereja Katolik di Jawa tak bisa dilepaskan dari proses akulturasi inkulturasi budaya. Walaupun ‘Gereja Katolik Jawa’ lahir dan berkembang dari komunitas rakyat kecil di pedesaan – Sendangsono (1904)- namun motor perkembangan tetap kelompok kecil elit masyarakat Jawa yang terdidik (Murid-murid Romo Vanlith dari Kweekschool atau Xaverius College, disusul lulusan lembaga pendidikan Katolik berikutnya seperti Kanisius, sekolah-sekolah milik Bruder-bruder FIC dan Suster-suster Fransiskanes Semarang). Pola pengembangan Gereja Katolik berbasis tradisi dan edukasi ini masih dapat dijadikan pola baku. Elit terdidik tersebut dewasa ini dan dimasa yang akan datang, tertantang untuk terus mengeksplorasi pola baru. Tradisi, nasionalitas dan globalitas/ kosmopolitanisme pada dasarnya merupakan tiga ranah budaya yang tak bisa dipisah-pisahkan , dan justru saling melengkapi dan menyempurnakan. Penguasaan bahasa ibu (daerah) secara baik justru akan menjadi dasar penguasaan bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa-bahasa asing secara baik pula. Hal serupa berlaku juga dalam penguasaan unsur lain budaya local.
Pada kesempatan kedua Pak Anton memaparkan makalahnya dengan gaya dosen sejarah yang memaparkan sejarah misi Katolik sejak jaman Belanda. Dalam konteks Batavia, pada 1865 sebuah stasi baru didirikan di Yogyakarta. Stasi baru yang waktu itu wilayahnya meliputi karesidenan Yogyakarta, Kedu, Bagelen, dan Banyumas ini dirintis oleh Pastor J, Palinckx, S.J., pastur Jesuit Belanda pertama yang diperbantukan untuk bekerja di Indonesia (sejak 1859, mengawali karya pastoralnya di Stasi Surabaya). Stasi Yogyakarta merupakan stasi pertama di Indonesia yang sejak berdirinya dipercayakan oleh Uskup Batavia untuk dikelola Jesuit.
Meskipun sejak 1865 selalu terdapat pastor Jesuit yang bekerja di Yogyakarta, namun hingga 1913 tugas mereka adalah melakukan pelayanan pastoral bagi orang-orang Katolik Eropa. Kegiatan Misi Jesuit bagi orang-orang Jawa di daerah Yogyakarta baru akan dimulai secara definitive pada 1914 atau 20 tahun lebih kemudian dibandingkan dengan kegiatan serupa yang telah dijalankan di Karesidenan Kedu, dengan dua stasi “Jawa”nya (Muntilan dan Mendut)yang terkenal di Indonesia berkat lembaga pendidikannya.
Pada awalnya, dari Muntilan pula kegiatan Misi Jawa Jesuit di daerah Yogyakarta secara resmi dirintis oleh Pastor Henri van Driessche, S,J. Meskipun demikian , akan segera terbukti bahwa Yogyakarta merupakan daerah Misi tersubur di Jawa. Bahkan bisa dikatakan, historisitasnya tidak hanya istimewa bagi perjalanan bangsa Indonesia, tetapi juga bagi perkembangan Gereja Katolik Indonesia.
Keistimewaan Yogyakarta bagi sejarah Gereja Katolik member petunjuk yang tegas tentang sikap inklusif masyarakatnya . Gereja Katolik yang kental kejawaannya mencerminkan begitu kuatnya kejawaan masyarakat Yogyakarta sendiri. Umat Katolik yang tidak abai untuk membangun visi kebangsaan juga merupakan gambaran tentang kuatnya visi serupa dari masyarakat umum yang tinggal di daerah kerajaan ini. Di balik ini semua terdapat jejak-jejak terjadinya komunikasi dan interaksi antar unsure yang berlangsung secara selaras dan berkesinambungan.
Bagi daerah Yogyakarta, keterbukaan, toleransi, dan kerjasama sinergis bukan hanya cita-cita , tetapi sebagian besar telah merealitas. Bagi daerah ini pula , modernitas tidak serta merta harus memperosokkan diri ke dalam westernitas ataupun menggusur habis tradisionalitas. Kepaduan social dan ketangguhan budaya local harus tetap dijaga agar tidak menjadi sejarah (berlalu) dan umat Katolik harus terlibat aktif dalam menjaganya.Kita wajib meneladani komitmen social dan budaya pastor Henri van Driessche dan keluarga Schmutzer.
Pembicara ketiga adalah Romo Bambang, pembicara paling menarik dan eksentrik karena presentasi menggunakan laptop dan viewer sehingga lebih menarik untuk didengarkan dan dilihat. Pada awalnya Romo memaparkan bahwa yang disampaikan pembicara terdahulu sudah tepat yang dia hanya menambahi (tapi lebih banyak dan lebih komplit) apa yang sudah disampaikan dua pembicara di depan. Banyak hal yang disampaikan Romo menggunakan bahasa Jawa yang menceritakan mengapa Romo van Lith dan Van Driessche fasih berbahasa Jawa karena memang ada syarat khusus dari SJ bahwa pastor yang akan berkarya di tanah Jawa wajib menguasai budaya Jawa baik lesan maupun tulisan. Romo Vanlithpun awalnya bingung dengan kerumitan budaya Jawa dan perlahan-lahan mampu memahaminya. Banyak sekali hal-hal yang disampaikan Romo Bambang baik yang mengkritisi dua pembicara terdahulu, mengkritisi gereja, dan juga Negara.Diceritakan juga bahwa tokoh-tokoh utama misi Katolik sebenarnya adalah para AWAM yang memiliki jiwa yang militant dan mereka memulai dari komunitas-komunitas kecil di pedusunan yang jauh dari birokrasi pemerintah dan jauh dari hierarkhi gereja namun benar-benar disemangati oleh keimanan mereka yang benar-benar mereka terapkan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Bagi mereka yang hadir dan menyaksikan Romo Bambang presentasi pasti mendapatkan pencerahan iman dan budi.

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